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The Bloomingdale Insane Asylum was a private hospital for the care of the mentally ill founded by New York Hospital. It occupied the land in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan where Columbia University is now located.〔Robert McCaughey, Stand Columbia; A History of Columbia University in the City of New York, 1754-2004, p. 205〕 The road leading from the thriving city of New York in lower Manhattan to the asylum was called Bloomingdale Road in the nineteenth century, and is now called Broadway. The term 'Bloomingdale' dates back to the era of Dutch rule in New Amsterdam, and is possibly a reference to "Bloemendael," the name of a small village in the flower-growing region near Haarlem in the Netherlands.〔Dolkart, Andrew, Morningside Heights; A History of its Architecture and Development, Columbia University Press, pp, 13 ff.〕〔AIA guide to New York City, Norval White, Elliot Willensky,Fourth Edition, 2000, p. 313〕 ==History== The history of the Bloomingdale Asylum begins with a movement suggested first in an address by Dr. Peter Middleton, in Columbia (then King’s) College, New York, November 3, 1769: “The necessity and usefulness of a public Infirmary has been so warmly and pathetically set forth in a discourse delivered by Dr. Samuel Bard, at the college commencement, in May last, that his Excellency, Sir Henry Moore immediately set on foot a subscription for that purpose to which himself and most of the gentlemen present liberally contributed.〔Earle, Pliny. ("History, description and statistics of the Bloomingdale asylum for the insane" ). New York: Egbert, Hovey & King Printers, 1848.〕” Subscriptions to this fund were continued and in 1770 Doctors Peter Middleton, John Jones and Samuel Bard presented to the Colonial Government a petition for the incorporation of a public Hospital which was granted by a charter bearing the date of June 13, 1771 incorporating the “Society of the Hospital in the city of New York, in America”, later termed the "Society of the New York Hospital". Between 1816 and 1818 the Society of the New York Hospital purchased of land on which to build an asylum in a part of upper Manhattan, then largely farmland and referred to as ''Bloomingdale Asylum.'' According to Andrew Dolkart, the large, "elegantly detailed Federal style brownstone building" was ready for occupancy in 1821.〔 The New York Hospital began caring for the mentally ill in the eighteenth century and at the time the asylum was built it was the only hospital in the state caring for the mentally ill. In 1840, a new hospital was built for the indigent mentally ill on Blackwell's Island, now Roosevelt Island, and the Bloomingdale Asylum became the exclusive preserve of those whose families could afford to pay for their care.〔Dolkart, Andrew, Morningside Heights; A History of its Architecture and Development, Columbia University Press, pp., 16, 17.〕 Plans to expand the asylum began in 1826. Two new buildings had been added by 1829 and the campus would continue to expand for many decades.〔Dolkart, Andrew, Morningside Heights; A History of its Architecture and Development, Columbia University Press, pp. 13-19.〕 The grounds of the asylum were elegantly laid out with walks and gardens. Farming and gardening were considered therapeutic, so there was a working farm with orchards, vegetable gardens, barns and pasture land.〔Dolkart, Andrew, Morningside Heights; A History of its Architecture and Development, Columbia University Press, pp., 16-18.〕 In the 1880s, with the city expanding northward, the trustees of the New York Hospital began to sell parts of the Asylum's land to various institutions, including an orphan's asylum on the campus of what is now the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. The trustees of Columbia College, now Columbia University, bought the bulk of the Bloomingdale Asylum property in 1892 and began planning the construction of a new campus.〔Dolkart, Andrew, Morningside Heights; A History of its Architecture and Development, Columbia University Press, Chapters 2, 3, 4.〕 Some of the property was also purchased by The Juilliard School where they then built their campus (which is now Manhattan School of Music.〔http://morningsideheights.org/historic-district/historical-significance〕) The Bloomingdale Asylum moved to a new campus in White Plains, New York. It became known as the "Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic", and is now "New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Westchester". The historical records of the Bloomingdale Asylum are housed in the Medical Center Archives of NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell.〔http://www.med.cornell.edu/archives/our_collection/bloomingdale.html?name1=Institutional+Archives&type1=2Active〕 The university occupied several buildings forming the old asylum in the early years. The last building erected on the Bloomingdale Asylum's Morningside Heights campus was the ''Macy Villa'', a gabled, brick building with white trim, which was designed by architect Ralph Townsend to resemble a private home for the comfort of wealthy gentlemen afflicted with mental illnesses, and donated by William H. Macy in 1885. It is the only building from the old asylum that survives.〔Dolkart, Andrew, Morningside Heights; A History of its Architecture and Development, Columbia University Press, p. 17.〕 It has had a number of uses over the years, but is now known as ''Buell Hall'' and houses ''La Maison Française.''〔http://www.columbia.edu/home/about_columbia/tour/05.html〕 The American artist, Charles Deas, was institutionalized at the asylum from 1848 until his death in 1867. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bloomingdale Insane Asylum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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